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21 Haziran 2010 Pazartesi

The Characteristics of the Jumping Spider

FLAWLESS JUMPING

And in your creation and all the creatures He has spread about there are Signs for people with certainty.
(Surat al-Jathiyya: 4)
In contrast to many species of spider which spin webs and wait, the jumping spider prefers to attack its prey itself by—as the name suggests—jumping on its prey. The spider is so expert at doing this that it can catch a flying insect from more than half a metre away.



Jumping spiders have been created powerful enough to hunt creatures larger than themselves.
The spider can use this amazing technique thanks to the power of hydraulic pressure in its eight legs. At the end of the attack, it suddenly descends on its prey and digs its strong fangs into it. The leap usually takes place between plants in overgrown areas. To do this successfully the spider has to calculate the appropriate angle, together with the victim's speed and direction.


Even more interesting is how the spider manages to avoid being killed after it catches its prey. The spider risks death, because in order to catch its prey, it naturally has to hurl itself into the air. So it could crash back to the ground from this distance (generally from the top of a tree). But the spider avoids this hazard by tethering itself by the thread it spins to the branch it is perched on just before jumping. This stops it from falling and enables it to hang in the air. The thread is strong enough to bear both its own weight, and that of the prey it has caught.

MISSION: LOCATE AND LOCK ON TARGET



The ability of the jumping spider's eyes to see independently of the others enables bodies to be perceived more quickly. This capacity, proof of God's great knowledge, makes the jumping spider a master hunter.
The other physical characteristics of this expert jumping spider species are also impeccable. Two of the eyes in the middle of its head are extended forward like binoculars. These two large eyes can move left and right and up and down in their sockets. Thanks to their retinas of four tiers, which are sensitive to green and ultraviolet wavelengths, the spider's eyes give it excellent distance vision. The other four eyes on the side of its head do not see with the same clarity, but they can sense any movement around them. In this way the animal can easily perceive prey or an enemy behind it.13


Let us think about what we have learned about the jumping spider so far. Its bodily construction is such as to enable it to make swift moves, and catch its prey with one jump. In the same way its eyes allow it to see its prey from any direction.


Naturally, the spider did not think that these extra eyes might be useful to it and then make them. And these eyes did not come about by chance. The animal was created, together with its characteristics, by God. The theory of evolution, which cannot explain how even one eye came into existence, is unable to make any comment concerning the jumping spider's eight eyes and the perfect coordination between them.

A PERFECT CAMOUFLAGE TECHNIQUE IN EVERY WAY



If you are asked what you can see in the top right-hand picture, you will naturally say "A few ants on and under a leaf." But the thing waiting beneath the leaf in the picture is not an ant. It is a type of jumping spider known as Myrmarachne. The only way of telling the spider from the ants is by the number of its legs. Because spiders have eight legs and ants six.



VICE-LIKE JAWS
This jumping spider, Mopsus mormon, can comfortably catch prey up to five times its own size, because it has large and powerful jaws. When the spider is not using its large, black jaws for hunting, it folds them up inside its mouth, enabling it to move around with ease. Thanks to its powerful jaws, Mopsus is able to deal with mice, and even snakes.
How is the jumping spider able to deceive the ants? Its does so not just by resembling them in appearance, but also by mimicking their behaviour. For example, in order to disguise the number of its legs, the jumping spider holds up its front pair of legs to simulate the ant's waving antennae.14 In this way they resemble the ants' antennae. At this point we have to stop and think: this means the spider is able to count. The spider has first counted the number of its own legs and those of the ants, and then compared the two. Seeing the difference, it understood that it would have to get rid of them, and in a most conscious manner it made its own extra legs resemble antennae.


There are several points to be borne in mind here. First of all, the spider is physically a completely different creature from the ant. For the spider to look like an ant, it is not enough for it to stick its legs up in the air. It also has to copy the ants' walk and body position. To do this it has to be an expert observer and also be expert at portraying what it sees, like an actor playing a role.


As we have seen, the spider uses methods of imitation, which require thinking, putting its thoughts into action, and realising the necessary physical transformations as it does so. No thinking, intelligent person will find it hard to see that the spider cannot do all this. For one thing, the spider's brain is not capable of that kind of thinking. So, what is the source of the spider's abilities? But before coming to any conclusion, it will be useful to examine some other qualities necessary for the disguise to be complete.




Jumping spiders' imitations of ants are so perfect that other jumping spiders mistake them for real ants and try to hunt them.
The spider's disguise consists of more than just the above. In order to look like an ant it needs to hide its eyes, which are not single large points, like the ants' are. But a characteristic of the spider has resolved this problem. Two dark spots on the spider's sides mimic the weaver ant's large compound eyes. 15


Let us stop and think. The spider cannot know about the two spots on either side of its head. It is hardly intelligent to talk about a situation where a spider knows about something and consciously develops a strategy from it. In that case, how did the spider, which lives on ants and mimics them, come by the counterfeit eyes on the side of its head? How did the spider manage to "learn," "count," and "mimic?" What would have happened if it had not had those false eyes? In that case, no matter how good a mimic the spider was, the ants would identify it. If the ants realised the danger and reacted before the spider did, then that would be the end of the spider. The ants would kill the spider with their powerful jaws. As is obvious, it is not enough for the spider to mimic ants, it also has to have those false eyes from birth for the disguise to be successful.


These are a few of the characteristics which the spider needs to survive. Should one of them be lacking, the jumping spider would soon die. In this case it is impossible to say that the spider came by its characteristics by coincidence. The spider came into possession of all of them at the same time. God has created every living thing in a perfect form, together with every characteristic it will need.



Sometimes jumping spiders even hunt each other. The interesting thing is how they do this by imitating other species of spider. Phyaces comosus is a perfect pantomime artist, sneaking up to other spiders' nests and devouring their eggs . The 2 millimetre long Phyaces looks like a barely animated piece of dirt. It makes use of this resemblance to put up quite a show. Mimicking a piece of dirt rolling in the wind, it gradually approaches the nest which is its target. It plays its role so well that even the mother spider standing guard at the entrance to the nest entertains no suspicion of it. When the spider has got close to the eggs, it suddenly attacks, grabs an egg and begins to eat it. In addition, the Phyaces' body is covered in very thick hairs. These give it important protection. When Phyaces fall out among themselves, they lift their legs and try to frighten their rival by showing the shiny hairs under their bodies. It is God Who gave this species of spider all its features. God is the incomparable Creator. He is aware of all creation.


FLICK-KNIFE JAWS


The male of the Myrmarachne plataleoides spider has a most interesting appearance. The males of this species have a long "nose". When the spider catches its prey, or if it is in danger of attack, he splits the "nose" and unfolds the haves into jaws with unsheathed fangs at each tip.16 The spider can then use these very long, sharp extensions like swords.

THE DEVOTION OF THE JUMPING SPIDER




As soon as it is born, every young spider has the ability to make webs, because it is created with a body made for web-building and with the skill and knowledge of how a web is built.
The jumping spider carries its newly born young on its back for a time. In this way it can both meet their needs and protect them better.17 The spider, which is a pitiless death machine to its enemies, behaves at the same time most affectionately to its offspring. This is a situation which poses many questions for the evolutionists, who claim that there is a struggle for life between living creatures in nature and that only the fittest can survive. But when we examine living creatures in nature, we come across examples in direct opposition to the evolutionists' claims. There are obvious examples of devotion between creatures of both the same and different species. This fact of animals sacrificing themselves for other living creatures, or of risking death for their young, puts evolutionists into an impasse when they look at nature. One scientific magazine describes the position as follows:
The question is why living things help each other. According to Darwin's theory, every living thing is in a constant state of war to preserve its own life and to reproduce itself. Since helping others will decrease the chances of its own survival, this behaviour pattern should have died out in the long term. Whereas it is seen that living things can be self-sacrificing.18

To protect its young, the jumping spider carries them on its back for a while.
It is obvious that it is impossible to explain mother animals' love for their offspring by any evolutionary mechanism. This is such a definite fact that many evolutionists, such as Cemal Yildirim, have had to admit it:


Is there any possibility of explaining love for offspring by any "blind" system that does not include emotional factors (natural selection)? It is certainly difficult to say that biologists, and Darwinists, have been able to give any satisfying response to this question.19


Of course it is not possible to explain the concepts of love, compassion and the desire to protect in terms of any "blind" system. Because it is God who inspires all behaviour in animals, which lack consciousness and intelligence. It is not possible for any animal, of its own accord, to demonstrate sacrifice, to prepare plans, or indeed to do anything else. It is God who controls everything.

13- National Geography, All Eyes on Jumping Spiders, September 1991, pp. 43-64 

14- Natural History, Samurai Spiders, 3/95, p. 45 
15- Natural History, Samurai Spiders, 3/95, p. 45 
16- National Geography, All Eyes on Jumping Spiders, September 1991, p. 51 
17- Karl Von Frisch, Ten Little Housemates, Pergamon Press, London, 1960, p. 110 
18- Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi (Journal of Science and Technology), no. 190, p. 4 
19- Cemal Yildirim, Evrim Kurami ve Bagnazlik (The Theory of Evolution and Bigotry), Bilgi Yayinlari, p.195 

Conclusion

So why do they) worship, instead of God, things that have no control over their provision from the heavens or earth in any way, and are themselves completely impotent? Do not try to make metaphors for God. God knows and you do not know.
(Surat an-Nahl: 73-74)
The theory of evolution is a speculative claim, unsupported by any scientific criteria and based on no valid evidence. Beyond this, its claim that every living creature should have emerged as a result of countless, completely improbable coincidences, is based on a foundation totally lacking in any intelligence or science.

Despite this, evolution is the only hope that certain ideological circles have embraced to keep society at large from the truth. For this reason, and despite all arguments to the contrary, they are still trying to keep it on the agenda. Yet the theory of evolution is helpless in the face of the spider, which we have examined throughout this book, as it is in the face of every living thing created in nature; it is quite unable to explain how the features which spiders possess should have come about.

If we consider the features possessed by spiders from the point of view of evolution, we can better understand what an unsound claim the theory of evolution is. Let us consider a species of insect which we shall imagine as the ancestor of all spiders. Let us imagine that this creature is deaf and almost blind, like many spiders today. In such a state it should be unable to hunt anything and immediately die of hunger. But, somehow or other, this insect managed to stay alive, by coincidence or some other inexplicable force.
One day this blind and deaf insect has the bright idea of building a web for hunting. That would mean having somewhere to live as well as an ideal trap for hunting. But this insect does not possess the architectural capacity and calculating ability necessary to make a web. One by one it needs to calculate the speed of the wind and the prey it will trap, the loads the web will have to bear, the spread of these loads, the load-bearing capacity of the plants and leaves, etc., on which it will build its web, and many other details. At this point the question, "How can a spider make calculations?" may arise. But it must not be forgotten that this is the basic logic of evolution: evolution, in its attempt to deny creation, has no alternative but that the insect performed these calculations itself.

Nevertheless, even if we accept that the insect has the intelligence to plan the construction of a web, it still cannot escape death; because it lacks the tools to make the web. Tools with the properties essential to the job do not exist in nature. This being the case, it decides to produce the thread to make its web. But once again it faces a huge problem; how is it to produce this thread?

Having said which, that force known as coincidence again enters the equation, a number of changes take place inside the insect's body, and suddenly six different glands emerge perfectly formed in its lower body ready to give off the chemical liquids.Then these glands begin to function under equal pressure and time systems. Again by coincidence, the chemical liquids produced by these glands mix with each other in particular proportions and the raw material of spider thread emerges. By another coincidence, and at the same time, the spinnerets on its back legs spin the fibres and a perfect thread for the insect is produced. So helpful is coincidence that the emerging thread is five times stronger than steel and thirty percent more elastic than rubber. This thread, with its various molecular characteristics, which cannot be completely imitated by man, has been planned by a tiny little insect.

Next, the insect weaves a web, sometimes using sticky and elastic threads, at other times rigid and strong ones. What a lucky coincidence that the insect's legs are seven-jointed to enable it to walk on the web! And another product of so-called coincidence was already on its feet, the special coating to stop it sticking to its own web. And the coincidences do not end here. The body of this deaf and almost blind insect was already covered in special hairs capable of sensing the slightest vibration on the web, from the very first day it wove the web. And so today's spider emerges as a result of coincidentally acquired capabilities which we have been unable to detail here.

It is quite evident from an examination of this scenario what an unintelligent hypothesis the theory of evolution is. One important point must be made here. Firstly, the features the spider possesses can in no way have come about over time. The abilities under discussion must all have been in place in the spider at the same time. There can be no such thing as a spider which knows how to make a web but cannot produce silk, or which can produce silk but does not know how to build a web. As for spiders which do not build webs, such as the jumping spider, these were created together with greater properties which have given the lie to evolution thousands of times.

If the spider can spin the most beautiful webs, but there is not the sticky material which it spreads over its web, then it will still serve no purpose. If the sticky material is there, but this time the molecular features which give the sticky threads their elasticity are lacking, which would be perfectly natural, then the web will still serve no purpose and the spider will die.
A spider which possesses all the mechanisms necessary for making silk, but does not receive the material known as scleroprotein from the food it digests, can still not spin silk. Despite all this, if it coincidentally comes by a web, then it needs the chemical coating on its feet to enable it to walk on the web without getting stuck to it. At the same time a sensory system is necessary to perceive the vibrations on the web. If even one of all of these features is lacking, then the spider will shortly die.

The spider has respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems. Like the others, these systems must have emerged at the same time. We cannot imagine a spider without a stomach or a heart. It follows that for all the other organs like the web-making organs to exist, the genetic codes for these organs must exist in every one of the millions of cells which go to make up the spider. A new organ means extra information in the millions of stages in DNA, the genetic code. A change in one of these stages means that the new organ will serve absolutely no purpose. (For more detailed information, see Harun Yahya, The Miracle In The Cell, Istanbul, Vural Publishing).

Another point requiring attention is that a spider just emerged from the egg has the knowledge necessary to spin a web without receiving any training. By virtue of this knowledge generations of spiders are born capable of spinning webs. The baby spider receives absolutely no training, and attends no courses.

A construction engineer has to study at university for at least four years to acquire the knowledge necessary to put up a building. He uses hundreds of already printed academic works as a source. He performs his calculations on a computer. He has teachers to guide him and teach him to perform the calculations. The building of a web, several hundred times bigger than the spider, requires at least the same amount of calculation as constructing a building. It is not even sufficient to be a university graduate to plan and calculate the tension in the threads which make up the web, the strength of the foundation the web sits on, the correctness of the geometric form, the resistance and elasticity to be given to allow for the wind and the movement of the prey, the threads' physical and chemical properties, and many other details which we have not been able to list. In any case, there is no university for baby spiders. Shortly after coming into the world they begin to produce thread, build webs, and hunt.

Evolutionist scientists, unable to explain the reason for this, desperately resort to another utterly comic claim. According to this logic, which denies basic creation, an unknown force, known as instinct, tells the newly-born spider what it has to do.

So, what is instinct? Is it an inspiration, whose origins are unclear, which makes the spider a professor of physics and chemistry, a construction engineer, and an architect? What is the source of this inspiration, said to be in the spider and to emerge by itself. Let us try to find this by examining the make-up of the spider.

Like all living creatures the spider is made up of proteins.These proteins are made up of amino-acids. Amino-acids, in their turn, are made by large molecules coming together. And molecules come about when atoms join together. Let us seek the answer to the above question here. Where exactly in the spider is this thing called instinct, which tells the spider how to make threads which man cannot imitate and produces incomparable works of architecture and engineering? In the proteins which make up its body? Or in the amino-acids which make up the proteins? Or in the molecules which make up the amino-acids? Or else in the atoms which make up the molecules? Which one of these is the source of the inspiration which evolutionists try to pass off as instinct?

Of course it is none of these. Like all living creatures, the spider submits to the Lord of all the worlds, and behaves as inspired by Him.

The seven heavens and the earth and everyone in them glorify Him. There is nothing which does not glorify Him with praise, but you do not understand their glorification. He is All-Forbearing, Ever-Forgiving. (Surat al-Isra': 44)

The Evolution Deceit

Sometimes, the incomparable systems possessed by a tiny living creature can open our eyes to a great truth: The Reality of Creation... All living things were flawlessly created, together with the features they possess, by God. The theory of evolution, which claims that everything emerged by coincidence, has no answer in the face of the perfections observed in living things. Modern scientific discoveries also clearly reveal that this theory is a deceptio

Every detail in this universe points to a superior creation. By contrast, materialism, which seeks to deny the fact of creation in the universe, is nothing but an unscientific fallacy.

Once materialism is invalidated, all other theories based on this philosophy are rendered baseless. Foremost of them is Darwinism, that is, the theory of evolution. This theory, which argues that life originated from inanimate matter through coincidences, has been demolished with the recognition that the universe was created by God. American astrophysicist Hugh Ross explains this as follows:
Atheism, Darwinism, and virtually all the "isms" emanating from the eighteenth to the twentieth century philosophies are built upon the assumption, the incorrect assumption, that the universe is infinite. The singularity has brought us face to face with the cause – or causer – beyond/behind/before the universe and all that it contains, including life itself. 33
It is God Who created the universe and Who designed it down to its smallest detail. Therefore, it is impossible for the theory of evolution, which holds that living beings are not created by God, but are products of coincidences, to be true.


Unsurprisingly, when we look at the theory of evolution, we see that this theory is denounced by scientific findings. The design in life is extremely complex and striking. In the inanimate world, for instance, we can explore how sensitive are the balances which atoms rest upon, and further, in the animate world, we can observe in what complex designs these atoms were brought together, and how extraordinary are the mechanisms and structures such as proteins, enzymes, and cells, which are manufactured with them.


This extraordinary design in life invalidated Darwinism at the end of the 20th century.
We have dealt with this subject in great detail in some of our other studies, and shall continue to do so. However, we think that, considering its importance, it will be helpful to make a short summary here as well.

THE SCIENTIFIC COLLAPSE OF DARWINISM




Even Charles Darwin admitted the difficulties facing his own theory.
Although a doctrine going back as far as ancient Greece, the theory of evolution was advanced extensively in the 19th century. The most important development that made the theory the top topic of the world of science was the book by Charles Darwin titled "The Origin of Species" published in 1859. In this book, Darwin denied that different living species on the earth were created separately by God. According to Darwin, all living beings had a common ancestor and they diversified over time through small changes.


Darwin's theory was not based on any concrete scientific finding; as he also accepted, it was just an "assumption." Moreover, as Darwin confessed in the long chapter of his book titled "Difficulties of the Theory," the theory was failing in the face of many critical questions.


Darwin invested all his hopes in new scientific discoveries, which he expected to solve the "Difficulties of the Theory." However, contrary to his expectations, scientific findings expanded the dimensions of these difficulties.


The defeat of Darwinism against science can be reviewed under three basic topics:
1) The theory can by no means explain how life originated on the earth.


2) There is no scientific finding showing that the "evolutionary mechanisms" proposed by the theory have any power to evolve at all.


3) The fossil record proves completely the contrary of the suggestions of the theory of evolution.
In this section, we will examine these three basic points in general outlines:

THE FIRST INSURMOUNTABLE STEP: THE ORIGIN OF LIFE



The theory of evolution posits that all living species evolved from a single living cell that emerged on the primitive earth 3.8 billion years ago. How a single cell could generate millions of complex living species and, if such an evolution really occurred, why traces of it cannot be observed in the fossil record are some of the questions the theory cannot answer. However, first and foremost, of the first step of the alleged evolutionary process it has to be inquired: How did this "first cell" originate?


Since the theory of evolution denies creation and does not accept any kind of supernatural intervention, it maintains that the "first cell" originated coincidentally within the laws of nature, without any design, plan, or arrangement. According to the theory, inanimate matter must have produced a living cell as a result of coincidences. This, however, is a claim inconsistent with even the most unassailable rules of biology.

"LIFE COMES FROM LIFE"



In his book, Darwin never referred to the origin of life. The primitive understanding of science in his time rested on the assumption that living beings had a very simple structure. Since medieval times, spontaneous generation, the theory asserting that non-living materials came together to form living organisms, had been widely accepted. It was commonly believed that insects came into being from food leftovers, and mice from wheat. Interesting experiments were conducted to prove this theory. Some wheat was placed on a dirty piece of cloth, and it was believed that mice would originate from it after a while.



With the experiments he carried out, Louis Pasteur invalidated the claim that "inanimate matter can create life", which constituted the groundwork of the theory of evolution.
Similarly, worms developing in meat was assumed to be evidence of spontaneous generation. However, only some time later was it understood that worms did not appear on meat spontaneously, but were carried there by flies in the form of larvae, invisible to the naked eye.


Even in the period when Darwin wrote The Origin of Species, the belief that bacteria could come into existence from non-living matter was widely accepted in the world of science.


However, five years after Darwin's book was published, the discovery of Louis Pasteur disproved this belief, which constituted the groundwork of evolution. Pasteur summarized the conclusion he reached after time-consuming studies and experiments: "The claim that inanimate matter can originate life is buried in history for good." 34


Advocates of the theory of evolution resisted the findings of Pasteur for a long time. However, as the development of science unraveled the complex structure of the cell of a living being, the idea that life could come into being coincidentally faced an even greater impasse.

INCONCLUSIVE EFFORTS IN THE 20TH CENTURY




Alexander Oparin's attempts to offer an evolutionist explanation for the origin of life ended in a great fiasco.
The first evolutionist who took up the subject of the origin of life in the 20th century was the renowned Russian biologist Alexander Oparin. With various theses he advanced in the 1930's, he tried to prove that the cell of a living being could originate by coincidence. These studies, however, were doomed to failure, and Oparin had to make the following confession: "Unfortunately, the origin of the cell remains a question which is actually the darkest point of the entire evolution theory." 35



As accepted also by the latest evolutionist theorists, the origin of life is still a great stumbling block for the theory of evolution.
Evolutionist followers of Oparin tried to carry out experiments to solve the problem of the origin of life. The best known of these experiments was carried out by American chemist Stanley Miller in 1953. Combining the gases he alleged to have existed in the primordial earth's atmosphere in an experiment set-up, and adding energy to the mixture, Miller synthesized several organic molecules (amino acids) present in the structure of proteins.


Barely a few years had passed before it was revealed that this experiment, which was then presented as an important step in the name of evolution, was invalid, the atmosphere used in the experiment having been very different from real earth conditions. 36


After a long silence, Miller confessed that the atmosphere medium he used was unrealistic. 37


All the evolutionist efforts put forth throughout the 20th century to explain the origin of life ended with failure. The geochemist Jeffrey Bada from San Diego Scripps Institute accepts this fact in an article published in Earth Magazine in 1998:
Today as we leave the twentieth century, we still face the biggest unsolved problem that we had when we entered the twentieth century: How did life originate on Earth? 38

THE COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF LIFE



The primary reason why the theory of evolution ended up in such a big impasse about the origin of life is that even the living organisms deemed the simplest have incredibly complex structures. The cell of a living being is more complex than all of the technological products produced by man. Today, even in the most developed laboratories of the world, a living cell cannot be produced by bringing inorganic materials together.


The conditions required for the formation of a cell are too great in quantity to be explained away by coincidences. The probability of proteins, the building blocks of cell, being synthesized coincidentally, is 1 in 10950 for an average protein made up of 500 amino acids. In mathematics, a probability smaller than 1 over 1050 is practically considered to be impossible.


The DNA molecule, which is located in the nucleus of the cell and which stores genetic information, is an incredible databank. It is calculated that if the information coded in DNA were written down, this would make a giant library consisting of 900 volumes of encyclopaedias of 500 pages each.
A very interesting dilemma emerges at this point: the DNA can onl
y replicate with the help of some specialized proteins (enzymes). However, the synthesis of these enzymes can only be realized by the information coded in DNA. As they both depend on each other, they have to exist at the same time for replication. This brings the scenario that life originated by itself to a deadlock. Prof. Leslie Orgel, an evolutionist of repute from the University of San Diego, California, confesses this fact in the September 1994 issue of the Scientific American magazine:
It is extremely improbable that proteins and nucleic acids, both of which are structurally complex, arose spontaneously in the same place at the same time. Yet it also seems impossible to have one without the other. And so, at first glance, one might have to conclude that life could never, in fact, have originated by chemical means. 39
No doubt, if it is impossible for life to have originated from natural causes, then it has to be accepted that life was "created" in a supernatural way. This fact explicitly invalidates the theory of evolution, whose main purpose is to deny creation.

IMAGINARY MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION



One of the facts nullifying the theory of evolution is the incredibly complex structure of life. The DNA molecule located in the nucleus of cells of living beings is an example of this. The DNA is a sort of databank formed of the arrangement of four different molecules in different sequences. This databank contains the codes of all the physical traits of that living being. When the human DNA is put into writing, it is calculated that this would result in an encyclopaedia made up of 900 volumes. Unquestionably, such extraordinary information definitively refutes the concept of coincidence.
The second important point that negates Darwin's theory is that both concepts put forward by the theory as "evolutionary mechanisms" were understood to have, in reality, no evolutionary power.
Darwin based his evolution allegation entirely on the mechanism of "natural selection". The importance he placed on this mechanism was evident in the name of his book: The Origin of Species, By Means Of Natural Selection…


Natural selection holds that those living things that are stronger and more suited to the natural conditions of their habitats will survive in the struggle for life. For example, in a deer herd under the threat of attack by wild animals, those that can run faster will survive. Therefore, the deer herd will be comprised of faster and stronger individuals. However, unquestionably, this mechanism will not cause deer to evolve and transform themselves into another living species, for instance, horses.


Therefore, the mechanism of natural selection has no evolutionary power. Darwin was also aware of this fact and had to state this in his book The Origin of Species:
Natural selection can do nothing until favourable variations chance to occur.40

LAMARCK'S IMPACT



So, how could these "favourable variations" occur? Darwin tried to answer this question from the standpoint of the primitive understanding of science in his age. According to the French biologist Lamarck, who lived before Darwin, living creatures passed on the traits they acquired during their lifetime to the next generation and these traits, accumulating from one generation to another, caused new species to be formed. For instance, according to Lamarck, giraffes evolved from antelopes; as they struggled to eat the leaves of high trees, their necks were extended from generation to generation.


Darwin also gave similar examples, and in his book The Origin of Species, for instance, said that some bears going into water to find food transformed themselves into whales over time.41


However, the laws of inheritance discovered by Mendel and verified by the science of genetics that flourished in the 20th century, utterly demolished the legend that acquired traits were passed on to subsequent generations. Thus, natural selection fell out of favour as an evolutionary mechanism.

NEO-DARWINISM AND MUTATIONS



In order to find a solution, Darwinists advanced the "Modern Synthetic Theory", or as it is more commonly known, Neo-Darwinism, at the end of the 1930's. Neo-Darwinism added mutations, which are distortions formed in the genes of living beings because of external factors such as radiation or replication errors, as the "cause of favourable variations" in addition to natural mutation.



Since the beginning of the century, evolutionists have been trying to produce mutations in fruit flies, and give this as an example for useful mutation. However, the only result obtained at the end of these efforts that lasted for decades were disfigured, diseased and defective flies. Above is the head of a normal fruit fly and on the right is the head of a mutated fruit fly.
Today, the model that stands for evolution in the world is Neo-Darwinism. The theory maintains that millions of living beings present on the earth formed as a result of a process whereby numerous complex organs of these organisms such as the ears, eyes, lungs, and wings, underwent "mutations," that is, genetic disorders. Yet, there is an outright scientific fact that totally undermines this theory: Mutations do not cause living beings to develop; on the contrary, they always cause harm to them.


The reason for this is very simple: the DNA has a very complex structure and random effects can only cause harm to it. American geneticist B.G. Ranganathan explains this as follows:
Mutations are small, random, and harmful. They rarely occur and the best possibility is that they will be ineffectual. These four characteristics of mutations imply that mutations cannot lead to an evolutionary development. A random change in a highly specialised organism is either ineffectual or harmful. A random change in a watch cannot improve the watch. It will most probably harm it or at best be ineffectual. An earthquake does not improve the city, it brings destruction. 42



The theory of evolution claims that living species gradually evolved from one another. The fossil record, however, explicitly falsifies this claim. For example, in the Cambrian Period, some 550 million years ago, tens of totally distinct living species emerged suddenly. These living beings depicted in the above picture have very complex structures. This fact, referred to as the "Cambrian Explosion" in scientific literature is plain evidence of creation.
Not surprisingly, no mutation example, which is useful, that is, which is observed to develop the genetic code, has been observed so far. All mutations have proved to be harmful. It was understood that mutation, which is presented as an "evolutionary mechanism," is actually a genetic occurrence that harms living beings, and leaves them disabled. (The most common effect of mutation on human beings is cancer). No doubt, a destructive mechanism cannot be an "evolutionary mechanism." Natural selection, on the other hand, "can do nothing by itself" as Darwin also accepted. This fact shows us that there is no "evolutionary mechanism" in nature. Since no evolutionary mechanism exists, neither could any imaginary process called evolution have taken place.

THE FOSSIL RECORD: NO SIGN OF INTERMEDIATE FORM



The clearest evidence that the scenario suggested by the theory of evolution did not take place is the fossil record.
According to the theory of evolution, every living species has sprung from a predecessor. A previously existing species turned into something else in time and all species have come into being in this way. According to the theory, this transformation proceeds gradually over millions of years.



The fossil record is a great barricade in front of the theory of evolution. The fossil record shows that living species emerged suddenly and fully-formed without any evolutionary transitional form between them. This fact is evidence that species are created separately.
Had this been the case, then numerous intermediary species should have existed and lived within this long transformation period.


For instance, some half-fish/half-reptiles should have lived in the past which had acquired some reptilian traits in addition to the fish traits they already had. Or there should have existed some reptile-birds, which acquired some bird traits in addition to the reptilian traits they already had. Since these would be in a transitional phase, they should be disabled, defective, crippled living beings. Evolutionists refer to these imaginary creatures, which they believe to have lived in the past, as "transitional forms."
If such animals had really existed, there should be millions and even billions of them in number and variety. More importantly, the remains of these strange creatures should be present in the fossil record. In The Origin of Species, Darwin explained:
If my theory be true, numberless intermediate varieties, linking most closely all of the species of the same group together must assuredly have existed... Consequently, evidence of their former existence could be found only amongst fossil remains.43
DARWIN'S HOPES SHATTERED


However, although evolutionists have been making strenuous efforts to find fossils since the middle of the 19th century all over the world, no transitional forms have yet been uncovered. All the fossils unearthed in excavations showed that, contrary to the expectations of evolutionists, life appeared on earth all of a sudden and fully-formed.
A famous British paleontologist, Derek V. Ager, admits this fact, even though he is an evolutionist:
The point emerges that if we examine the fossil record in detail, whether at the level of orders or of species, we find — over and over again — not gradual evolution, but the sudden explosion of one group at the expense of another.44
This means that in the fossil record, all living species suddenly emerge as fully formed, without any intermediate forms in between. This is just the opposite of Darwin's assumptions. Also, it is very strong evidence that living beings are created. The only explanation of a living species emerging suddenly and complete in every detail without any evolutionary ancestor can be that this species was created. This fact is admitted also by the widely known evolutionist biologist Douglas Futuyma:
Creation and evolution, between them, exhaust the possible explanations for the origin of living things. Organisms either appeared on the earth fully developed or they did not. If they did not, they must have developed from pre-existing species by some process of modification. If they did appear in a fully developed state, they must indeed have been created by some omnipotent intelligence. 45
Fossils show that living beings emerged fully developed and in a perfect state on the earth. That means that "the origin of species" is, contrary to Darwin's supposition, not evolution but creation.

THE TALE OF HUMAN EVOLUTION



The subject most often brought up by the advocates of the theory of evolution is the subject of the origin of man. The Darwinist claim holds that the modern men of today evolved from some kind of ape-like creatures. During this alleged evolutionary process, which is supposed to have started 4-5 million years ago, it is claimed that there existed some "transitional forms" between modern man and his ancestors. According to this completely imaginary scenario, four basic "categories" are listed:


1. Australopithecus


2. Homo habilis


3. Homo erectus


4. Homo sapiens



FALSE MASKS FROM EVOLUTIONISTS
There are no fossil remains that support the tale of human evolution. On the contrary, the fossil record shows that there is an insurmountable barrier between apes and men. In the face of this truth, evolutionists fixed their hopes on certain drawings and models. They randomly place masks on the fossil remains and fabricate imaginary half-ape, half-human faces.
Evolutionists call the so-called first ape-like ancestors of men "Australopithecus" which means "South African ape." These living beings are actually nothing but an old ape species that has become extinct. Extensive research done on various Australopithecus specimens by two world famous anatomists from England and the USA, namely, Lord Solly Zuckerman and Prof. Charles Oxnard, has shown that these belonged to an ordinary ape species that became extinct and bore no resemblance to humans.46


Evolutionists classify the next stage of human evolution as "homo," that is "man." According to the evolutionist claim, the living beings in the Homo series are more developed than Australopithecus. Evolutionists devise a fanciful evolution scheme by arranging different fossils of these creatures in a particular order. This scheme is imaginary because it has never been proved that there is an evolutionary relation between these different classes. Ernst Mayr, one of the foremost defenders of the theory of evolution in the 20th century, admits this fact by saying that "the chain reaching as far as Homo sapiens is actually lost." 47


By outlining the link chain as "Australopithecus > Homo habilis > Homo erectus > Homo sapiens," evolutionists imply that each of these species is one another's ancestor. However, recent findings of paleoanthropologists have revealed that Australopithecus, Homo habilis and Homo erectus lived at different parts of the world at the same time.48


Moreover, a certain segment of humans classified as Homo erectus have lived up until very modern times. Homo sapiens neandarthalensis and Homo sapiens sapiens (modern man) co-existed in the same region.49


This situation apparently indicates the invalidity of the claim that they are ancestors of one another. A paleontologist from Harvard University, Stephen Jay Gould, explains this deadlock of the theory of evolution although he is an evolutionist himself:


What has become of our ladder if there are three coexisting lineages of hominids (A. africanus, the robust australopithecines, and H. habilis), none clearly derived from another? Moreover, none of the three display any evolutionary trends during their tenure on earth.50


Put briefly, the scenario of human evolution, which is sought to be upheld with the help of various drawings of some "half ape, half human" creatures appearing in the media and course books, that is, frankly, by means of propaganda, is nothing but a tale with no scientific ground.


Lord Solly Zuckerman, one of the most famous and respected scientists in the U.K., who carried out research on this subject for years, and particularly studied Australopithecus fossils for 15 years, finally concluded, despite being an evolutionist himself, that there is, in fact, no such family tree branching out from ape-like creatures to man.
Zuckerman also made an interesting "spectrum of science." He formed a spectrum of sciences ranging from those he considered scientific to those he considered unscientific. According to Zuckerman's spectrum, the most "scientific"–that is, depending on concrete data–fields of science are chemistry and physics. After them come the biological sciences and then the social sciences. At the far end of the spectrum, which is the part considered to be most "unscientific," are "extra-sensory perception"–concepts such as telepathy and sixth sense–and finally "human evolution." Zuckerman explains his reasoning:
We then move right off the register of objective truth into those fields of presumed biological science, like extrasensory perception or the interpretation of man's fossil history, where to the faithful (evolutionist) anything is possible - and where the ardent believer (in evolution) is sometimes able to believe several contradictory things at the same time.51
The tale of human evolution boils down to nothing but the prejudiced interpretations of some fossils unearthed by certain people, who blindly adhere to their theory.

TECHNOLOGY IN THE EYE AND THE EAR



Another subject that remains unanswered by evolutionary theory is the excellent quality of perception in the eye and the ear.


Before passing on to the subject of the eye, let us briefly answer the question of "how we see". Light rays coming from an object fall oppositely on the retina of the eye. Here, these light rays are transmitted into electric signals by cells and they reach a tiny spot at the back of the brain called the centre of vision. These electric signals are perceived in this centre of the brain as an image after a series of processes. With this technical background, let us do some thinking.
The brain is insulated from light. That means that the inside of the brain is solid dark, and light does not reach the location where the brain is situated. The place called the centre of vision is a solid dark place where no light ever reaches; it may even be the darkest place you have ever known. However, you observe a luminous, bright world in this pitch darkness.


The image formed in the eye is so sharp and distinct that even the technology of the 20th century has not been able to attain it. For instance, look at the book you read, your hands with which you hold it, then lift your head and look around you. Have you ever seen such a sharp and distinct image as this one at any other place? Even the most developed television screen produced by the greatest television producer in the world cannot provide such a sharp image for you. This is a three-dimensional, coloured, and extremely sharp image. For more than 100 years, thousands of engineers have been trying to achieve this sharpness. Factories, huge premises were established, much research has been done, plans and designs have been made for this purpose. Again, look at a TV screen and the book you hold in your hands. You will see that there is a big difference in sharpness and distinction. Moreover, the TV screen shows you a two-dimensional image, whereas with your eyes, you watch a three-dimensional perspective having depth.


For many years, ten of thousands of engineers have tried to make a three-dimensional TV, and reach the vision quality of the eye. Yes, they have made a three-dimensional television system but it is not possible to watch it without putting on glasses; moreover, it is only an artificial three-dimension. The background is more blurred, the foreground appears like a paper setting. Never has it been possible to produce a sharp and distinct vision like that of the eye. In both the camera and the television, there is a loss of image quality.


Evolutionists claim that the mechanism producing this sharp and distinct image has been formed by chance. Now, if somebody told you that the television in your room was formed as a result of chance, that all its atoms just happened to come together and make up this device that produces an image, what would you think? How can atoms do what thousands of people cannot?
If a device producing a more primitive image than the eye could not have been formed by chance, then it is very evident that the eye and the image seen by the eye could not have been formed by chance. The same situation applies to the ear. The outer ear picks up the available sounds by the auricle and directs them to the middle ear; the middle ear transmits the sound vibrations by intensifying them; the inner ear sends these vibrations to the brain by translating them into electric signals. Just as with the eye, the act of hearing finalises in the centre of hearing in the brain.


The situation in the eye is also true for the ear. That is, the brain is insulated from sound just like it is from light: it does not let any sound in. Therefore, no matter how noisy is the outside, the inside of the brain is completely silent. Nevertheless, the sharpest sounds are perceived in the brain. In your brain, which is insulated from sound, you listen to the symphonies of an orchestra, and hear all the noises in a crowded place. However, if the sound level in your brain was measured by a precise device at that moment, it would be seen that a complete silence is prevailing there.


As is the case with imagery, decades of effort have been spent in trying to generate and reproduce sound that is faithful to the original. The results of these efforts are sound recorders, high-fidelity systems, and systems for sensing sound. Despite all this technology and the thousands of engineers and experts who have been working on this endeavour, no sound has yet been obtained that has the same sharpness and clarity as the sound perceived by the ear. Think of the highest-quality HI-FI systems produced by the biggest company in the music industry. Even in these devices, when sound is recorded some of it is lost; or when you turn on a HI-FI you always hear a hissing sound before the music starts. However, the sounds that are the products of the technology of the human body are extremely sharp and clear. A human ear never perceives a sound accompanied by a hissing sound or with atmospherics as does HI-FI; it perceives sound exactly as it is, sharp and clear. This is the way it has been since the creation of man.


So far, no visual or recording apparatus produced by man has been as sensitive and successful in perceiving sensory data as are the eye and the ear.


However, as far as seeing and hearing are concerned, a far greater fact lies beyond all this.

TO WHOM DOES THE CONSCIOUSNESS THAT SEES AND HEARS WITHIN THE BRAIN BELONG?



Who is it that watches an alluring world in its brain, listens to symphonies and the twittering of birds, and smells the rose?


The stimulations coming from the eyes, ears, and nose of a human being travel to the brain as electro-chemical nervous impulses. In biology, physiology, and biochemistry books, you can find many details about how this image forms in the brain. However, you will never come across the most important fact about this subject: Who is it that perceives these electro-chemical nervous impulses as images, sounds, odours and sensory events in the brain? There is a consciousness in the brain that perceives all this without feeling any need for eye, ear, and nose. To whom does this consciousness belong? There is no doubt that this consciousness does not belong to the nerves, the fat layer and neurons comprising the brain. This is why Darwinist-materialists, who believe that everything is comprised of matter, cannot give any answer to these questions.


For this consciousness is the spirit created by God. The spirit needs neither the eye to watch the images, nor the ear to hear the sounds. Furthermore, nor does it need the brain to think.


Everyone who reads this explicit and scientific fact should ponder on Almighty God, should fear Him and seek refuge in Him, He Who squeezes the entire universe in a pitch-dark place of a few cubic centimeters in a three-dimensional, coloured, shadowy, and luminous form.

A MATERIALIST FAITH



The information we have presented so far shows us that the theory of evolution is a claim evidently at variance with scientific findings. The theory's claim on the origin of life is inconsistent with science, the evolutionary mechanisms it proposes have no evolutionary power, and fossils demonstrate that the intermediate forms required by the theory never existed. So, it certainly follows that the theory of evolution should be pushed aside as an unscientific idea. This is how many ideas such as the earth-centered universe model have been taken out of the agenda of science throughout history.


However, the theory of evolution is pressingly kept on the agenda of science. Some people even try to represent criticisms directed against the theory as an "attack on science." Why?


The reason is that the theory of evolution is an indispensable dogmatic belief for some circles. These circles are blindly devoted to materialist philosophy and adopt Darwinism because it is the only materialist explanation that can be put forward for the workings of nature.


Interestingly enough, they also confess this fact from time to time. A well known geneticist and an outspoken evolutionist, Richard C. Lewontin from Harvard University, confesses that he is "first and foremost a materialist and then a scientist":
It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel us accept a material explanation of the phenomenal world, but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is absolute, so we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door. 52
These are explicit statements that Darwinism is a dogma kept alive just for the sake of adherence to the materialist philosophy. This dogma maintains that there is no being save matter. Therefore, it argues that inanimate, unconscious matter created life. It insists that millions of different living species; for instance, birds, fish, giraffes, tigers, insects, trees, flowers, whales and human beings originated as a result of the interactions between matter such as the pouring rain, the lightning flash, etc., out of inanimate matter. This is a precept contrary both to reason and science. Yet Darwinists continue to defend it just so as "not to allow a Divine Foot in the door."


Anyone who does not look at the origin of living beings with a materialist prejudice will see this evident truth: All living beings are works of a Creator, Who is All-Powerful, All-Wise and All-Knowing. This Creator is God, Who created the whole universe from non-existence, designed it in the most perfect form, and fashioned all living beings.

33- Hugh Ross, The Fingerprint of God, p. 50 

34- Sidney Fox, Klaus Dose, Molecular Evolution and The Origin of Life, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1977. p. 2 
35- Alexander I. Oparin, Origin of Life, (1936) New York, Dover Publications, 1953 (Reprint), p. 196 
36- "New Evidence on Evolution of Early Atmosphere and Life", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol 63, November 1982, p. 1328-1330 
37- Stanley Miller, Molecular Evolution of Life: Current Status of the Prebiotic Synthesis of Small Molecules, 1986, p. 7 
38- Jeffrey Bada, Earth, February 1998, p. 40 
39- Leslie E. Orgel, "The Origin of Life on Earth", Scientific American, Vol 271, October 1994, p. 78 
40- Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 189 
41- Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 184. 
42- B. G. Ranganathan, Origins?, Pennsylvania: The Banner Of Truth Trust, 1988. 
43- Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 179 
44- Derek A. Ager, "The Nature of the Fossil Record", Proceedings of the British Geological Association, vol 87, 1976, p. 133 
45- Douglas J. Futuyma, Science on Trial, New York: Pantheon Books, 1983. p. 197 
46- Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, New York: Toplinger Publications, 1970, p. 75-94; Charles E. Oxnard, "The Place of Australopithecines in Human Evolution: Grounds for Doubt", Nature, Cilt 258, s. 389 
47- J. Rennie, "Darwin's Current Bulldog: Ernst Mayr", Scientific American, December 1992 
48- Alan Walker, Science, vol. 207, 1980, p. 1103; A. J. Kelso, Physical Antropology, 1st ed., New York: J. B. Lipincott Co., 1970, p. 221; M. D. Leakey, Olduvai Gorge, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971, p. 272 
49- Time, November 1996 
50- S. J. Gould, Natural History, vol. 85, 1976, p. 30 
51- Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, New York: Toplinger Publications, 1970, p. 19 
52- Richard Lewontin, "The Demon-Haunted World", The New York Review of Books, 9 January, 1997, p. 28